Every source used on this site
The short answer
Every number and every claim about a standard of care on this site carries an inline citation, and every citation resolves to an entry in this list.
There are 110 sources. If a fact could not be tied to one of them, it is not on the site.
The numbers, up front
- Total sources
- 110 sources, each with a publisher, a title, a year and a link 1
- What a source must have
- A publisher, a title, a year and a working link. Nothing is cited to a website that does not publish the underlying material 1
- What happens without one
- The fact is left off the site and recorded as a gap in the sources policy 2
| Publisher | Title | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| ABLE National Resource Center | What are ABLE Accounts | 2025 | Open |
| Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality | HCUP Kids Inpatient Database (KID) | 2025 | Open |
| American Academy of Pediatrics | Neonatal Resuscitation Program | 2025 | Open |
| American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Committee Opinion 644, The Apgar Score | 2015 | Open |
| American Academy of Pediatrics and CDC, Pediatrics | Evidence-Informed Milestones for Developmental Surveillance Tools | 2022 | Open |
| American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatrics | Clinical Practice Guideline Revision: Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn Infant 35 or More Weeks of Gestation | 2022 | Open |
| American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatrics | Postnatal Glucose Homeostasis in Late-Preterm and Term Infants | 2011 | Open |
| American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatrics | Levels of Neonatal Care | 2012 | Open |
| American Academy of Pediatrics, Pediatrics | Hospital Discharge of the High-Risk Neonate | 2008 | Open |
| American Bar Association | Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.5 Fees | 2025 | Open |
| American Bar Association | State Bar Association Directory | 2025 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 106, Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: Nomenclature, Interpretation, and General Management Principles | 2009 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 116, Management of Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Tracings | 2010 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 178, Shoulder Dystocia | 2017 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 216, Macrosomia | 2020 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 222, Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia | 2020 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 205, Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery | 2019 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 183, Postpartum Hemorrhage | 2017 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 146, Management of Late-Term and Postterm Pregnancies | 2014 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 190, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus | 2018 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Committee Opinion 797, Prevention of Group B Streptococcal Early-Onset Disease in Newborns | 2020 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 219, Operative Vaginal Birth | 2020 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Committee Opinion 745, Mode of Term Singleton Breech Delivery | 2018 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Committee Opinion 713, Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy for Fetal Maturation | 2017 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 181, Prevention of Rh D Alloimmunization | 2017 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Committee Opinion 736, Optimizing Postpartum Care | 2018 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Practice Bulletin 198, Prevention and Management of Obstetric Lacerations at Vaginal Delivery | 2018 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | Committee Opinion 757, Screening for Perinatal Depression | 2018 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and American Academy of Pediatrics | Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic Outcome, Second Edition | 2014 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine | Obstetric Care Consensus 1, Safe Prevention of the Primary Cesarean Delivery | 2014 | Open |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine | Obstetric Care Consensus 7, Placenta Accreta Spectrum | 2018 | Open |
| American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics, Circulation | Neonatal Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care | 2020 | Open |
| ARCH National Respite Network | National Respite Locator Service | 2025 | Open |
| Archives of Neurology | Neonatal Encephalopathy Following Fetal Distress: A Clinical and Electroencephalographic Study | 1976 | Open |
| CanChild, McMaster University | Gross Motor Function Classification System, Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-E&R) | 2007 | Open |
| CDC | Data and Statistics for Cerebral Palsy | 2024 | Open |
| CDC | Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) Hearing Screening and Follow-up Survey | 2024 | Open |
| CDC | Data and Statistics on Birth Defects | 2024 | Open |
| CDC | CDC Developmental Milestones, Learn the Signs. Act Early. | 2024 | Open |
| CDC WONDER | Natality public use files | 2025 | Open |
| CDC, Active Bacterial Core surveillance | Group B Streptococcus Surveillance Report | 2024 | Open |
| CDC, Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network | Prevalence and characteristics of cerebral palsy among 8 year old children | 2016 | Open |
| CDC, MMWR | Economic Costs Associated with Mental Retardation, Cerebral Palsy, Hearing Loss, and Vision Impairment, United States, 2003 | 2004 | Open |
| Center for Parent Information and Resources | Find Your Parent Center | 2025 | Open |
| Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services | Medicare Care Compare, Hospital | 2025 | Open |
| Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services | Provider Data Catalog, Hospital | 2025 | Open |
| Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services | Medicare Secondary Payer and Liability Settlements | 2025 | Open |
| Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services | ICD-10-CM Files | 2025 | Open |
| Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Medicaid.gov | Home and Community Based Services | 2025 | Open |
| Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Medicaid.gov | Section 1915(c) Home and Community-Based Waivers | 2025 | Open |
| Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Medicaid.gov | Katie Beckett and TEFRA State Plan Option | 2025 | Open |
| Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Medicaid.gov | Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (EPSDT) | 2025 | Open |
| Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy | 2013 | Open |
| Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus | 2024 | Open |
| Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation | 2020 | Open |
| Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | Constraint-induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy | 2019 | Open |
| Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | Continuous cardiotocography as a form of electronic fetal monitoring for fetal assessment during labour | 2017 | Open |
| Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy | 2020 | Open |
| Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center | Part C Coordinators by State | 2025 | Open |
| Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center | Section 619 Coordinators by State | 2025 | Open |
| Early Human Development | Epidemiology of neonatal encephalopathy and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy | 2010 | Open |
| Elsevier | Volpe's Neurology of the Newborn, Sixth Edition | 2018 | Open |
| Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development | Neonatal Brain Injury and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Research | 2025 | Open |
| Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development | Preterm Labor and Birth | 2025 | Open |
| Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development | Neonatal Research Network | 2025 | Open |
| Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Obstetrics and Gynecology | The 2008 NICHD Workshop Report on Electronic Fetal Monitoring | 2008 | Open |
| Family Voices | Family-to-Family Health Information Centers | 2025 | Open |
| Florida Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Association | NICA Program Overview | 2025 | Open |
| Health Resources and Services Administration | Title V Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant | 2025 | Open |
| Health Resources and Services Administration | National Maternal Mental Health Hotline | 2025 | Open |
| Internal Revenue Service | ABLE Accounts, Tax Benefit for People with Disabilities | 2025 | Open |
| JAMA Pediatrics | Early, Accurate Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy | 2017 | Open |
| March of Dimes | PeriStats | 2025 | Open |
| National Center for Health Statistics, CDC | Births: Final Data for 2023, National Vital Statistics Reports | 2025 | Open |
| National Center for Health Statistics, CDC | National Vital Statistics System, Birth Data | 2025 | Open |
| National Eye Institute | Cortical or Cerebral Visual Impairment | 2024 | Open |
| National Institute of Mental Health | Perinatal Depression | 2024 | Open |
| National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | Cerebral Palsy | 2025 | Open |
| National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | Hydrocephalus | 2025 | Open |
| National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | Epilepsy and Seizures | 2025 | Open |
| National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders | Newborn Hearing Screening | 2024 | Open |
| New England Journal of Medicine | Necrotizing Enterocolitis | 2011 | Open |
| Pediatric Endocrine Society, Journal of Pediatrics | Recommendations from the Pediatric Endocrine Society for Evaluation and Management of Persistent Hypoglycemia in Neonates, Infants, and Children | 2015 | Open |
| Pediatric Neurology | Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke | 2021 | Open |
| Pediatrics | Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in the era before nitric oxide | 2000 | Open |
| Social Security Administration | Supplemental Security Income (SSI) | 2025 | Open |
| Social Security Administration | Benefits for Children with Disabilities | 2025 | Open |
| Social Security Administration | SSI Federal Payment Amounts and Cost-of-Living Adjustment | 2025 | Open |
| Social Security Administration | Program Operations Manual System, SI 01120.203 Special Needs Trusts | 2025 | Open |
| Supreme Court of the United States | Arkansas Department of Health and Human Services v. Ahlborn, 547 U.S. 268 | 2006 | Open |
| Supreme Court of the United States | Gallardo v. Marstiller, 596 U.S. 420 | 2022 | Open |
| The Arc of the United States | Find a Local Chapter | 2025 | Open |
| The Florida Legislature | Florida Statutes Chapter 766, Part I, Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Plan | 2025 | Open |
| The Joint Commission | Perinatal Care Certification and Measures | 2025 | Open |
| The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery | The epidemiology of neonatal brachial plexus palsy in the United States | 2008 | Open |
| The Journal of Pediatrics | Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage | 1978 | Open |
| The Journal of Pediatrics | Contemporary Profile of Seizures in Neonates | 2016 | Open |
| The Leapfrog Group | Leapfrog Hospital Survey Results, Maternity Care | 2025 | Open |
| U.S. Department of Education | IDEA Part C, Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities | 2025 | Open |
| U.S. Department of Education | IDEA Part B, Assistance for Education of All Children with Disabilities | 2025 | Open |
| U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights | Protecting Students with Disabilities, Section 504 | 2024 | Open |
| U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights | Individuals Right under HIPAA to Access their Health Information, 45 CFR 164.524 | 2024 | Open |
| U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD | PTSD Basics | 2024 | Open |
| U.S. Government Publishing Office, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations | 45 CFR 164.524, Access of individuals to protected health information | 2025 | Open |
| U.S. Government Publishing Office, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations | 34 CFR Part 303, Early Intervention Program for Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities | 2025 | Open |
| U.S. Government Publishing Office, Electronic Code of Federal Regulations | 34 CFR Part 300, Assistance to States for the Education of Children with Disabilities | 2025 | Open |
| U.S. National Library of Medicine | MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia | 2025 | Open |
| Virginia Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Program | Program Overview and Eligibility | 2025 | Open |
| Virginia General Assembly | Code of Virginia 38.2-5000 et seq., Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Act | 2025 | Open |
| World Health Organization and CDC | ICD-10-CM Tabular List of Diseases and Injuries | 2025 | Open |
Links checked 2026-09-03. 1
How sources are used
Primary sources first. Professional guidance, government agencies, systematic reviews and the original papers, rather than summaries of them.
Every number carries one inline, in the same block of text, so you never have to guess which source a figure came from.
Years are stated, including when a figure is old. The CDC lifetime cost estimates are in 2003 dollars, and this site says so every single time it uses them. 2
Where nothing could be sourced, the fact is left out and the gap is recorded. See the sources policy.
Where an agency has stopped publishing something, the site says so as a fact, without editorial comment about the agency.
Where these facts come from
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and American Academy of Pediatrics. Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic Outcome, Second Edition. 2014. www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/task-force-report/ar. Link checked September 3, 2026.
- CDC, MMWR. Economic Costs Associated with Mental Retardation, Cerebral Palsy, Hearing Loss, and Vision Impairment, United States, 2003. 2004. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5303a4.htm. Link checked September 3, 2026.